Damage/Armor effect

Armor Effect
The Armor Effect (AE) depends on the difference of Effective Damage Rating(EffDR) and Effective Armor Rating (EffAR):


 * '''AE = 2(EffDR - EffAR)/40

Damage Rating
The Effective Damage Rating (EffDR) is a simple sum of the Base Damage Rating (BaseDR) and any Damage Rating bonuses (DRBonus).


 * EffDR = BaseDR + DRBonus

For damage from spells and caster weapons (Staves, Wands, etc), the BaseDR is proportional to the attacker's level.


 * BaseDRcaster = 3 &times; Level 

For "weaponry" damage (melee weapons, bows, spears, and pets - those that have an attribute line for it), the BaseDR depends on the attacker's rank in the respective attribute of the "weapon".


 * BaseDRnoncaster = 5 &times; Rank

If the Rank of the linked attribute is greater than a threshold1 of Level/2+2, then there is a DRBonus of  - 3 &times; [Rank - (Level/2+2)] (negative bonus), serving as a diminishing return. The square bracket term in this case rounds up (towards zero).

Expressed differently, the DR for non-caster damage is:
 * DRnoncaster = 5 &times; Rank;  if Rank <= Threshold
 * DRnoncaster = 5 &times; Threshold + 2 &times; (Rank-Threshold);  if Rank > Threshold
 * Threshold1 = Level /2 + 2

For traps Damage Rating is 0.

For detailed chart showing damage rating at each character level/rank, see Damage Rating progression

Critical hits grant a DRBonus of 20.

1 The equation for the Threshold has only been confirmed for levels 1,8,11,14~16, and 18~20. The equation is extrapolated to cover levels 2-7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 17, and may not be accurate at those levels.

Armor Rating
The Effective Armor Rating depends on the Base Armor Rating (BaseAR), AR Shifter (ARShift), and Net Armor Penetration (NAP).


 * EffAR = BaseAR &times; (1 - NAP) + ARShift

Each attack randomly hits one of the various body locations. The probablity of hitting each location is generally believed to be proportional to the relative armor costs for the same level of armor. In which case, the probablities would be:
 * Chest - 3/8
 * Legs - 2/8
 * Head - 1/8
 * Hands - 1/8
 * Feet - 1/8

However, it is also believed that certain attack skills and spells have a bias in which body part they are more likely to hit. Relative positioning of the attacker and target may also affect which part is more likely to be hit. It has been shown that projectile attacks/spells either never, or extremely rarely (experimentally unobserved), hit the hands.

The Armor Rating of the piece corresponding to the location attacked is used as the BaseAR, while any bonuses on that armor contributes to ARShift. Certain armor are described as having a negative bonus of Holy Damage you receive is increased by 5, which function regardless of hit location and stacking.

Primary and secondary weapons, as well as skills, may also modify the armor value. They are added to the ARShift regardless of which body location was hit.

Armor penetration can come from the Warrior's Strength attribute, weapon upgrades, or skill properties. Some of them simply have x% armor penetration, whereas others provide +y% armor penetration. Pick the highest x (if none, use 0), and add all the y's to it to obtain the net armor penetration (NAP). Note that NAP is a real number between 0 and 1; remember to divide percentage values by 100 (20% &rarr; 0.2, etc.).